Book indexing and generative AI

Authors

Keywords:

indexing, AI, publishing

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is now incorporated into many systems and processes, including within the publishing sector. In this article, I consider its application to book indexing. Following an overview of human indexing processes and existing indexing technology, I report on the results of experiments with the use of generative AI tools for indexing and related tasks. Currently, such tools create inaccurate and limited indexes, suggesting there is limited benefit in using such tools for book indexing. I also note some of the legal and contractual barriers to publishing freelancers’ use of generative AI tools in their work.

References

Abbott, N.J. and Calvert, D. (2007) ‘Psychology and neuroscience of indexing: what goes on in the mind of the indexer?’, The Indexer, 25(3), pp. 154–160. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3828/indexer.2007.2

Coates, S. (2009) ‘Software Solutions’, The Indexer, 27(4), pp. 168–172. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3828/indexer.2009.51

Coney, P. (2025) ‘Human brain vs AI: what makes better decisions?’, Cambridge Judge Business School, 2 April. Available at: https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/2025/human-brain-vs-ai-what-makes-better-decisions/ [Accessed: 17 May 2025]

Duncan, D. (2021) Index, A History of the. Allen Lane.

Ferraro, M.F., Li, N., Lin, H., and Tompros, L. (2023) ‘Ten Legal and Business Risks of Chatbots and Generative AI’, Tech Policy Press. Available at: https://techpolicy.press/ten-legal-and-business-risks-of-chatbots-and-generative-ai [Accessed: 29 July 2024]

Guadamuz, A. (2024) ‘What’s the status of AI and copyright?’, TechnoLlama, 22 June. Available at: https://www.technollama.co.uk/whats-the-status-of-ai-and-copyright [Accessed: 29 July 2024]

Hicks, M.T., Humphries, J. and Slater, J. (2024) ‘ChatGPT is bullshit’, Ethics and Information Technology, 26(2), p. 38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5

Izzard, T. (2024a) ‘AI (artificial intelligence) tools and implications’. Society of Indexers Conference 2024: Human Indexing in a Digital World, 18 September.

Izzard, T. (2024b) ‘Generative artificial intelligence (AI) and its performance at indexing tasks’, The Indexer, 42(4), pp. 383–400. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3828/index.2024.24

Izzard, T. (2025) ‘Indexing and Generative AI’. American Society of Indexers Conference 2025: Spring Into Action!, 26 April.

Lamb, J. (2005) ‘Embedded indexing’, The Indexer, 24(4), pp. 206–209. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3828/indexer.2005.24.4.16

Mulvany, N.C. (2005) Indexing Books. 2nd edn. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Ong, K.-L. and Fatima, S. (2023) ‘AI to Z: all the terms you need to know to keep up in the AI hype age’, The Conversation. Available at: http://theconversation.com/ai-to-z-all-the-terms-you-need-to-know-to-keep-up-in-the-ai-hype-age-203917 [Accessed: 24 July 2024]

Publishers’ Association (2020) People Plus Machines: the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Publishing. Publishers’ Association. Available at: https://www.publishers.org.uk/publications/people-plus-machines/ [Accessed: 02 June 2025]

Society of Indexers (no date) Course overview/features (5th Edition). Available at: https://www.indexers.org.uk/training-development/si-training-course/5th-edition-course-overview-features [Accessed: 24 April 2025]

Downloads

Published

2025-06-17

Issue

Section

Articles